However, in OA, M2 numbers are limited and may shift toward an M1-like phenotype under sustained inflammatory stimuli, reducing their capacity to maintain iron homeostasis (109, 110).Together, these insights support the hypothesis that iron metabolism in M1 macrophages not only contributes to ferroptosis susceptibility in OA, but also represents a potential immunometabolic checkpoint for therapeutic intervention
has served on scientific advisory panels and/or speaker's bureaus and served as a consultant to and/or received research support from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Fractyl, Gubra, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi and Zealand Pharma
Liver Protection AST has gained significant attention for its potential protective effects on the liver, particularly in cases of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD)
In a cohort of healthy individuals, studies revealed a pronounced correlation between elevated weekly grain intake, particularly exceeding the 75 th percentile, and heightened serum levels of circulating TNF-, MCP-1 and IFN-
